Bacon's name concealed in the Title-pages of the Quartos

Of the thirty-six plays which appeared in the Shakespeare First Folio of 1623, sixteen plays had previously appeared in Quarto editions. 

Shown below, in chronological order, are 8 of the first 9 Quartos to be issued (Titus Andronicus (1592) is omitted, for reasons discussed below). These include 7 Quartos which do not show an author's name explicitly on the title-page.

A hypothesis is put forward that the title-pages of many of these "Shakespeare" quartos conceal the name F.BACON, or a variation, hidden along a straight line, according to a simple set of guidelines, which may be defined as follows:

- in general, the straight line preferably touches the edge of the letters to be used, (rather than, say, passing through the centre of the letter)
- the letters can be taken in correct order (FBACON), or out of order and rearranged to form the name.
- it is acceptable to use a letter if it is adjacent to a letter touching the straight line which is also being used.
- it is acceptable to use more than one letter adjacent if it forms part of a syllable of the full word, such as "con".

We ignore for the moment whether it even makes sense to consider the possibility that someone would hide a name in such fashion, together with all consideration of historical origins or practical difficulties. We simply state the hypothesis above, and now proceed to test it. We would expect that the above conditions might occasionally be satisfied simply by the random interplay of chance in the distribution of letters in the frontispiece, and so we should not be surprised perhaps to find one or two dubious examples. If on the other hand, someone had indeed deliberately hidden the name according to these curious guidelines, we should expect that it would be done in such a way as to leave no doubt as to intentionality. We proceed now to examine them in turn to decided which it is.

2 Henry VI

John Danter's pirated edition of Titus Andronicus was the first Quarto published, in 1592. The second was the play later known as the Second Part of Henry VI, shown at left, which may be considered then as the first of the "authorised" or "good" Quartos.

The F.BACON name is found by ruling a line touching the "ff" in "Suffolke" on line 7, and the large "C" in "Con-" on line 2. Notice how this line touches the "b" of banishment, giving:

First part of the Con-         
    tention betwixt the two famous Houses of Yorke...
...
And the banishment ...         
Suffolke...              

The name can be read off easily, in correct letter order as  complete syllables, as shown: ff ba Con. Note also that in Elizabethan text, a doubled lower case f, (i.e. "ff") was used to represent an upper case F, so that for example, "ffrancis" would represents "Francis". Hence, the above construction of the name actually reads F ba Con, which is a nice touch. (Compare with the end of The Rape of Lucrece, as seen here.)

 

 

 

3 Henry VI

The next quarto to appear, in 1595, was the Third Part of Henry VI, shown at left.

In this case, a line is drawn from the "f" in "of" in line 1, through to the "b" in "by" in line 7. The name appears:

The true Tragedie of Richard     
      ...whole contention...
....as....   
...by...      

In this case, while the b a con is in order, the f comes at the end, to read b a con f.

Note that the word "contention" has been used in both the examples so far to supply the "con" of Bacon. In the case of 2 Henry VI above, one might even suspect that attention is being deliberately drawn to this word by splitting it over two lines.

Richard II

By now, the game is becoming more familiar. This time the name appears by a slight variation of the version in 3 Henry VI. A near vertical line, sloping slightly, begins on the "f" of "of", passes along the upright of the "b" in "bene" to touch the "a" of "Chamberlaine".

Tragedie of King Ri-...
cond
beene
Chamberlaine

In this case, a slight rearrangement of the order of letters produces the required  f con b a = f bacon.

Note, yet again, that the syllable "con" has been supplied complete, this time as part of the word "second". Again, as in 2 Henry VI, the word has been split, seemingly unnecessarily, into two lines.

Note also that the first letters of lines 5 and 6 permit the name of bacon to be read off directly as an acrostic, as has been noted before:

cond
As it hath bene...
by the right...

 

 


Romeo and Juliet

This is another "pirate" edition published by John Danter. In this case, unlike with the earlier Titus Andronicus, the name may be found, in the usual fashion, though on a line of opposite slope this time:

Excellent
con
ceited Tragedie
of
Romeo and Iuliet...
plaid publiquely, by the right Ho-
nourable the L. of Hunsdon

Note that again the name may be read off directly from the bottom upwards as f b e con, granted that in this case the variant form F Becon is employed. This by no means invalidates the example, as Elizabethan spelling was much more fluid and phonetic than today. There are examples of Bacons 's name being recorded this way, and in other variations: "It is worthy of notice that the Bacon family in early times spelt their name 'Becon' or 'Beacon.' Some of them seem to have written under this name, and there is a work by Thomas Becon, 1563-4 in which, on the title page of the second volume, his name changes from Becon to Beacon" (Mrs. Henry Pott, Francis Bacon and his Secret Society, p 341, quote and more here).

Note also yet again the use of the syllable "con" to form the Bacon name.

 

 

Richard III

Here we go again::

THE TRAGEDY OF
...
                        ...his innocent nephews:...

As it hath been lately Acted by the
Right honourable the Lord Chamber-
laine his servants

In this instance, the letters need to be slightly re-arranged so that reading from the top down F con a b becomes F bacon. There is an additional redundant n in the last line if the n of innocent is considered too far off the defining line; however the clever use of the syllable con in reversed form noc in innocent seems sufficient to allow it.

This is now the fifth quarto frontispiece (of the first six to be issued) which exhibits the name under the rules of the game, which is already rather more than one might reasonably expect. But we are not done, not by a long shot.

Love Labors Lost

 

Conceited Comedie
CALLED
Loues labors lost

As it was presented before her Highnes

 

For the first time, in 1598, the name William Shakespeare appears on the cover of one of the Plays. It seems that in this case, the hidden name was constructed with additional care so that there is no possibility of misunderstanding: the FBACON name appears this time in correct order and correct spelling, and with the now trademark use of the "con" retained: f ba con

Again, in deference to the minor inelegancy of using a letter so far from the defining line ( the "C" in "con"), redundancy is built with an additional permissible C (and A for good measure!) in CALLED.

 

 

 

 

 

1 Henry IV

Fourth        

       With the battell at Shrewsburie,

...

With the humorous conceits of Sir

This quarto, the seventh to exhibit the name FBacon under the rules of the game, hides the name with the bare minimum of camouflage: it may be read off directly from the prominent F of FOURTH with the two syllables "ba" and "con" shining out like beacons: F ba con.

Not only the correct letter order, but also the "correct" directions of reading are retained in this example (ie left to right, top to bottom) and the syllable "con" is yet again extracted whole. It is as though the designer of this game, the agent responsible for the insertion of the hidden Bacon name, is not only becoming bolder with each quarto, but also finding increasingly elegant means of concealment. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Romeo and Juliet

...

Tragedie, of Romeo       
and Iuliet

Newly corrected, augmented

As it hath bene...                                    

 

With re-arrangement, perhaps to compensate for the too obvious hidden name in Henry V, the name may be read off f an co b = f bacon.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Henry V

CRONICLE

History of Henry the fift
With his battell fought...        
France. Together...

Another extremely elegant solution to the puzzle: this time, the word France is used to provide the extended version of the name Fran ba c o n.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Merchant of Venice

...extreame crueltie of...           
...sayd Merchant, ...                
               ...the obtayning of...
        ...choyse of three...

This was the first example of the name which I stumbled across, and in many ways the most perfect: the letters f b a c form a perfect line at exactly 45° to the text, which intersects the upper left corner of the large capital T at upper left. If this is not intentional, it is an extraordinary chance distribution to find the first four letters of the name in such a prominent position on the diagonal like this. The additional letters required, n and o, may be found next to the a and b (or f!), in compliance with the rules of the game, giving the complete name f bacon.

As a bonus this time, a second version of the name may be found on another line which crosses the first:

...extreame crueltie of...                   
...sayd Merchant, ...                   
...and the obtayning of...
...by the choyse of three...

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

We have presented ten successful examples of the name hidden according to the guidelines of the hypothesis. Few, if any, present as lucky random hits. There is an overall consistency and pattern to the implementation which strongly suggests intentionality.

However: the entire game is absurd on any realistic historical grounds. The quartos were printed by different publishers and printers, under widely varying conditions of legal and commercial relationship to the texts themselves. It is very difficult to imagine a single guiding hand common to all the above quartos who could have been responsible for arranging the printing to conceal the hidden name on the frontispiece. Unless that hand was the hand of the author, and he played a larger role behind the scenes in the appearance of the quartos than has hitherto been suspected.

These speculations are beyond the scope of this short note, which is to simply present the geometric facts of the hidden name in ten of the Shakespeare quarto frontispieces. Geometrically, the hypothesis is established.