The Bacon family anecdote in Merry Wives of Windsor

Sir Nicholas Bacon, being appointed a Judge for the Northern Circuit and having brought his Trials that came before him to such a pass, as the passing of Sentence on Malefactors, he was by one of the Malefactors mightily importuned for to save his life, which when nothing he had said did avail, he at length desired his mercy on the account of kindred: ‘Prethee,’ said my Lord Judge, ‘how came that in?’ ‘Why if it please you my Lord, your name is Bacon, and mine is Hog, and in all Ages Hog and Bacon have been so near kindred, that they are not to be separated.’ ‘I but,’ replyed Judge Bacon, ‘you and I cannot be kindred, except you be hanged; for Hog is not Bacon until it be well hanged.’

Francis Bacon, Apophthegms 36, Resuscitatio (1671).

Eva. You are very simplicity o’man: I pray you
peace. What is (Lapis) William?
     Will.
A Stone. Eva. And what is a Stone (William?)
     Will. A peeble.
      Eva. No; it is Lapis: pray you remember in your
praine.
     Will. Lapis
      Eva. That is a good William: what is he (William) that
does lend articles.
      Will. Articles are borrowed of the Pronoune; and be
thus declined. Singulariter nominatiue hic, hac, hoc.
      Eva. Nominative hig, hag, hog: pray you marke: geni-
tive:
Well, what is your Accusative-case?
      Will.
Accusatiuo hinc.
     Eva. I pray you haue your remembrance (childe) Ac-
cusativo hing,
hang, hog.
      Qu. Hang-hog, is latten for Bacon, I warrant you.
      Eva. Leaue your prables (o’man) What is the Foca
- tive case (William)

      Will. O, Vocatiuo, O.
     Eva. Remember William, Focatiue, is caret.
     Qu. And that’s a good roote.
     Eva. O’man, forbeare.

Quickly. Hang-hog, is latten for Bacon, I warrant you.

Merry Wives of Windsor IV 1.

 

Here a clear reference to a Bacon family anecdote about Sir Nicholas, Francis' father, recounted in his book of jests, the Apophthegms (published 1625), is found in Merry Wives of Windsor. Of course, it's possible the author of the plays heard this one in a tavern. 

Or Francis Bacon inserted it as a signature.

Peter Dawkins observes:

"This story is told for its value as a parable, which is pointed out by Evans in his rejoiner to Mistress Quickly in the following line, where he notes that she has spoken a ‘prable’ (parable):–

Evans. Leave your prables (o’man)...

‘Latten’ means a mixture of metals, particularly an alloy resembling or identical to brass. It is used elsewhere in the Shakespeare plays and in Bacon’s letters as a word-play on ‘Latin’. This word-play forms a series of puns, such that ‘latten’ infers a debased Latin or secret language, confirmed by the Latin word latentis, meaning concealed.

The whole of Mistress Quickly’s sentence is a remarkable example of punning, the Latin for ‘to hang’, for instance, being suspendere. Sus is the Latin for a sow, pig, swine or hog, and pendere means to hang down. ‘Warrant’ can be rendered in Latin as auctor, a word which is often used by Bacon to denote an inventor or author. Even Mistress Quickly’s name is important in this context, for ‘quickly’ is cito in Latin, and cito also means to summon, call forward or name, especially in a court of law, or to call upon a god for help."

If the Merry Wives "hang-hog" reference is thereby confirmed as keyed to the Bacon family anecdote, then this opens up further possible signatures. For example, at the bottom of the very first column of the first page of text of the Plays in the First Folio may be found the following lines, typeset as shown below::

GONZALO      I have great comfort from this fellow: methinks
 he
hath no drowning mark upon him; his complexion
 is perfect gallows. Stand fast, good Fate, to his han-
ging: make the rope of his destiny our cable, for
our own doth little advantage. If he be not born to be
hanged, our case is miserable.

The acrostic "hog-hanged" may be read off directly.

 

houre, if it so hap. Cheerely good hearts: out of our way
I say.        Exit
     Gon.
I haue great comfort from this fellow: methinks
he hath no drowning marke vpon him, his complexion
is perfect Gallowes : stand fast good Fate to his han
Ging, make the rope of his destiny our cable, for our
Owne doth little aduantage: If he be not borne to bee
Hang’d, our case is miserable.      Exit.

Enter Boteswaine

Bote. Downe with the top-Mast: yare, lower, lower,
Bring her to Try with Maine-course. A plague ——
A Cry within. Enter Sebastian, Anthonio & Gonzalo.

To Column 2:

vpoN this hov
or our office:
giue ore and

DEVICE No. 10 exposes a subtle shining secrecy writ in the margent of The Tempest, at the foot of the first column and on the word unnecessarily carried over to the second column. The form of the first part of the device is in an inverted gallows, and it expresses the words “hang-hog”, a nod to the observant. It will be noted that by misplacing the stage directions after, instead of before, the words “A plague,” and by unnecessarily carrying over the word “upon” to the next column, the name of Bacon has been exposed on the typographical corners of the first column.